Signs and symptoms commonly seen in COVID-19 in newborns, children, and adolescents and pediatric subjects

The recent findings reported that the most frequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical course in pediatric subjects ranged from mild to moderate form in with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and nasal congestion. On the contrary, a lower frequency of severe COVID-19 forms was reported, including refractory metabolic acidosis, coagulation disorders, tachypnea, severe pneumonia, and septic shock. Recent literature is associated with the COVID-19 pediatric subject to the acute multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) with abdominal symptoms and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The recent findings seem to support that the unvaccinated and comorbid children could present more severe clinical forms. Few data of COVID-19 hospitalization in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission in schools were reported during the first wave. The main reasons could be correlated to the early school's closure, while the swabs were destined more frequently to adult symptomatic subjects. The pandemic state generated rise in psychological disorders, anxiety, and depression more frequently during the first year of the disease spread, with a higher prevalence in older adolescents.