Haemophilia and Cancer: A Literature Review

Background: Opinions in the literature on the impact of cancer on patients with haemophilia are contradictory. There is a lack of data on the clinical presentation and management of cancer in patients with haemophilia (PWH). Methods: Papers were found following a comprehensive search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the terms "cancer" and "haemophilia" without time limits and using the English language as a filter. The references from all the retrieved original articles and reviews were assessed for additional relevant articles. Results: The emergence of malignancies is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in PWH. In the past decade, the literature mainly focused on the epidemiology and outcome of blood-borne cancers in the haemophilia patient group, as the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and HIV infection were high among them. However, with the introduction of recombinant clotting factor concentrates (CFCs), physicians now pay attention to non-virus-related malignancies. Bleeding and thrombotic complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients with cancer; replacement therapy with factor VIII or IX or others should be maintained during antitumour treatment. Conclusion: Overall, managing cancer in patients with haemophilia requires careful evaluation and individualised planning involving a multidisciplinary team of physicians experienced in haematology, oncology, and surgery.