Biological Effects of PMMA and Composite Resins on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Comparative Study

The use of temporary resin for provisional restorations is a fundamental step to maintain the position of prepared teeth, to protect the pulpal vitality and the periodontal health as well as the occlusion. The present study aimed at evaluating the biological effects of two resins used in dentistry for temporary restorations, Coldpac (Yates Motloid) and ProTemp 4 (TM) (3M ESPE (TM)), and their eluates, in an in vitro model of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). The activation of the inflammatory pathway NF kappa B p65/NLRP3/IL-1 beta induced by the self-curing resin disks was evaluated by real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The hGFs adhesion on resin disks was investigated by means of inverted light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results suggest that hGF cells cultured in adhesion and with eluate derived from ProTemp 4 (TM) (3M ESPE (TM)) resin evidenced a downregulation in the expression of the inflammatory mediators such as NF kappa B p65, NLRP3 and IL-1 beta compared to the cells cultured with Coldpac (Yates Motloid) after 24 h and 1 week of culture. Furthermore, the cells cultured with ProTemp 4 (TM) (3M ESPE (TM)) after 24 h and 1 week of culture reported a higher cell viability compared to the cells cultured with Coldpac (Yates Motloid), established by MTS cell analysis. Similar results were obtained when hGFs were placed in culture with the eluate derived from ProTemp 4 (TM) (3M ESPE (TM)) resin which showed a higher cell viability compared to the cells cultured with eluate derived from Coldpac (Yates Motloid). These results highlighted the lower pro-inflammatory action and improved cell biocompatibility of ProTemp 4 (TM) (3M ESPE (TM)), suggesting a better performance in terms of cells-material interaction.