Isolation of Mammalian Mesoangioblasts: A Subset of Pericytes with Myogenic Potential

Mesoangioblasts (MABs) are vessel-associated stem cells that express pericyte markers and are originally isolated from the embryonic dorsal aorta. From postnatal small vessels of skeletal muscle and heart, it is possible to isolate cells with similar characteristics to embryonic MABs. Adult MABs have the capacity to self-renew and to differentiate into cell types of mesodermal lineages upon proper culture conditions. To date, the origin of MABs and the relationship with other muscle stem cells are still debated. Recently, in a phase I–II clinical trial, intra-arterial HLA-matched MABs were proved to be relatively safe. Novel information on MAB pure populations is desirable, and implementation of their therapeutic potential is mandatory to approach efficacy in MAB-based treatments. This chapter provides an overview of the current techniques for isolation and characterization of rodent, canine, human, and equine adult MABs.