Prevention of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)-Associated Vein Thrombosis in Cancer: A Narrative Review

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered the most common and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular complication in cancer and the second leading cause of death after cancer progression itself. In recent years, the steadily increasing rate of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) seems mainly related to amelioration in imaging techniques and the placements of central venous catheters (CVCs). The pivotal role of CVCs in the switch from hospital to home care is offset by its high thrombotic burden. The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) offers advantages (convenience, fast access, and cost-effectiveness) in comparison to centrally inserted devices (PORT), but increased thrombotic risk is reported. The aim of this narrative review was to offer a comprehensive overview of the existing literature about PICC-related thrombosis (PICC-VTE) by analyzing the current knowledge and related gaps. We further discussed advancements in insertion techniques, underscored the role of the novel PICC-PORT lines, and provided a “head-to-head” comparison among major guidelines on primary thromboprophylaxis.