Growth, Puberty, and Nutritional Disturbances

Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status, which occurs in physiological conditions. Of note, the alteration of the oxidant–antioxidant system may also influence the pathogenesis of many diseases. Recent data have clearly shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the onset and progression of several pathologies even during childhood. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the most important and recent findings regarding the role of oxidative stress in growth, puberty, and nutrition. A careful analysis and critical interpretation of the literature data have been made in order to establish the correlation between the special needs of childhood and the impairment of oxidant–antioxidant system. Emerging evidences suggest that children affected by growth, puberty, as well as nutritional disturbances are highly exposed to oxidative stress. New clinical studies need to be performed to establish possible prophylactic actions or treatment protocols limiting the oxidative damage in childhood.