OS32C3A - SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS

This module addresses the main obstetric emergencies and urgent situations that may arise during the childbirth process. It focuses on the early identification of risk signs, prompt clinical management, interdisciplinary communication, and emotional support for women and their families in highly critical contexts. A specific section of the course is also dedicated to the psychological and relational aspects associated with adverse events and perinatal loss. Key Topics: Concept of Emergency and Urgency in Obstetrics Definitions and distinctions between urgency and emergency Fundamental elements of clinical decision-making Obstetric Early Warning Systems (MEOWS) Obstetric Triage and Risk Classification Rapid assessment criteria Assignment of care priorities Effective communication and multidisciplinary management Identification of Obstetric Risk Pre-existing and pregnancy-onset risk factors Dynamic risk evaluation during labor and the postpartum period Clinical Management of Major Obstetric Emergencies: Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia Eclamptic seizure: magnesium sulfate administration protocols, monitoring, and stabilization Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH): identification, management algorithms, use of uterotonic agents, and conservative/invasive techniques Maternal collapse and cardiac arrest: cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnancy, perimortem cesarean section Amniotic fluid embolism: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, emergency response Shoulder dystocia and breech birth: obstetric maneuvers, criteria for vaginal vs. cesarean delivery Midwifery assistance during breech delivery Good Clinical Practice Guidelines Recommendations for childbirth assistance in women with a history of cesarean section Essential Levels of Care (Italian Ministry of Health Update, 2017) Placental Abruption Differential diagnosis and urgent interventions Management of Grief and Adverse Events in Obstetrics Infertility, spontaneous miscarriage, fetal and neonatal death SIGO/AOGOI Recommendations for the Management of Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD) Supporting women and couples during perinatal loss The midwife's role in emotional containment, grief communication, and post-event rituals. Obstetric Trauma and Clinical Debriefing Burnout prevention in healthcare professionals Basic principles of individual and team debriefing Interprofessional approaches to emotional support following traumatic events