Clodronate combined with a surfactant (Tween 20) does not improve osseointegration: a rabbit immunohistomorphometric study.

Abstract
Biphosphonates are compounds that inhibit bone reabsorption mediated by osteoclasts or the progression of periodontal disease independent on the host response to pathogenic bacteria that colonize the tooth surface. The use of biphosphonates in oral implantology is still in the experimental stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a non-aminobiphosphonate combined with a surfactant to increase the ability of the drug to link to the implant and bone surfaces in the development of osseointegration in rabbits. Smooth titanium implants were devised to be used on rabbit femurs. A topical administration of clodronate combined with the surfactant (Tween 20) at different concentrations was made on the implant surface and in the implant site to increase the bone and implant adhesiveness. Placebo was given to the control group. New Zealand rabbits were used and sacrificed by CO2 after 8 weeks from the implantations. A histologic and histomorphometric analysis was carried out. Results did not show significant difference between the tests and the placebo groups. Our data are different from other similar studies obtaining statistically significant differences. These differences could depend on the efficacy of the drug used and on the procedure of application of the drug on the implant. This study demonstrates poor efficacy of clodronate applied topically to the implant and implant site during surgery to increase the percentage of osseointegration in the implant. Further studies using different fixation techniques of the drug may be necessary to confirm the present data.