Implant surface topography in modern implantology. Part II: Nanostructured and DLF surfaces [La topografia della superficie implantare nella moderna implantologia. Parte II: Superfici nanostrutturate e DLF]

Objectives To analyze the influence of implant surfaces on bone healing processes. In the first part of this article, smooth and microrough surfaces were analyzed, while in the second part nanostructured and DLF (Direct Laser Fabrication) surfaces are discussed. Materials and methods By an extensive literature review, the fundamental aspects of bone healing processes are taken into consideration. Recently, many implant surfaces with nanotopographical features obtained with different techniques have been marketed. A new method to produce dental implants by laser fusion of titanium microparticles is described as well. Results and conclusions Modern implant dentistry aims at early and immediate functional loading, and implant surface topography, with its micro- and ultrastructural aspects, is a key factor for achieving osseointegration. Nanostructured surfaces can modify tissue response, enhancing osteoblasts adhesion. The DLF technique allows to create a dental implant by modifying the density and porosity of different layers, thus supporting better load adaptation and bone integration.