DETOSC aims to understand the mechanisms involved in the etiology and progression of precancerous lesions into oral squamous carcinoma. In vitro, 3D organ-on-a-chips (OOCs) of healthy and dysplastic oral mucosa tissues, and of oral squamous carcinoma will be projected, produced, and characterized. These 3D models are currently considered as a valid tool for performing in vitro studies as alternatives to animal models. The role of Porphyromonas gingivalis on neoplastic etiology and progression will be also investigated. The secondary outcome is testing a non-invasive method for eradicating these lesions. In particular, a photodynamic treatment based on 5-aminolevulinic acid and red LED irradiation (ALA-PDT) that has already shown promising preliminary results on in vitro 2D cultures will be tested on OOCs. The third outcome is to analyze all data through deep learning and artificial intelligence to develop a tool for early detection, evaluation, and follow-up of precancerous oral cavity lesions. DEAL will be organized into 6 Work Plans (WP), developed in 36 months.